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What is dry eye disease?

Dry eye disease can lead to damage of the ocular surface1

Dry eye symptoms can be caused by insufficient aqueous production or, in most cases, a degradation of the lipid layer.2

Flow chart outlining damage to the ocular surface

As the lipid
layer thins,
the mucoaqueous
component
becomes exposed1

allows for tear
evaporation1

destabilizes
the tear film1

May lead to:

  • Increased exposure of the ocular surface to the environment3
  • Further damage to the ocular surface and increased corneal edema4
  • Increased inflammation and discomfort1

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References: 1. Holly FJ. Lacrophilic ophthalmic demulcents. US Ophthalmic Rev. 2007;3:38-41. 2. Findlay Q, Reid K. Dry eye disease: when to treat and when to refer. Aust Prescr. 2018;41(5):160-163. 3. Willcox MDP, Argüeso P, Georgiev GA, et al. TFOS DEWS II tear film report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3):366-403. 4. Bron AJ, de Paiva CS, Chauhan SK, et al. TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3):438-510.